According to the information compiled in the President's Annual Program for 2026, it is supported that the main store of value in the financial system will be Turkish lira-denominated assets and that the weight of Turkish lira-denominated items will be increased in the assets and liabilities of households, companies and banking segments.
In this context, the implementation of regulations that promote the increase in the share of Turkish lira deposits in the total deposits of the banking sector's liabilities will continue. In addition, the results of regulations that prevent an increase in the weight of foreign currency loans in the assets of the banking sector are monitored.
In order to comply with Basel III financial regulation in the banking sector, necessary changes will be made taking into account EU legislation and implemented in the relevant legislation.
In addition, the Financial Crimes Investigation Board (MASAK)'s technical infrastructure will be strengthened and its administrative structure will be improved.
There will be new regulations in the digital area
In 2026, measures will continue to be taken to support efficiency and interoperability in the payments space. The institutional level and security level of all organizations operating in the sector will be increased. Measures are taken to prevent anti-competitive practices between banks and non-bank payment service providers.
In the financial sector, the use of a common digital infrastructure and the commonality of various operations will reduce costs and take the necessary measures to ensure that banks and non-bank financial institutions have access to the infrastructure they need on equal terms.
In this context, the use of the Community Cloud will be expanded to include payment service providers and financial institutions, whose activities related to information systems are regulated and audited within the framework of the relevant legislation.
As of August 2025, there are 67 banks operating in the industry
As of August 2025, a total of 67 banks were active in the banking sector, of which 38 were deposit banks, 20 development and investment banks and 9 investment banks. During the period, the total asset size of the banking sector increased by 41.1 percent annually in Turkish lira terms to 41.9 trillion liras and in dollar terms by 16.9 percent to 1 trillion 22 billion dollars.
While domestic private banks accounted for 28.7 percent of the sector's assets, foreign capital banks 24.6 percent and public banks 46.8 percent, there was a decrease in the share of private banks and an increase in the share of public banks compared to the same month last year.
While the share of deposit-taking banks decreased by functional group, the share of investment banks and development and investment banks increased. Accordingly, deposit banks account for 85.2 percent of the sector's assets, equity banks 8.6 percent and development and investment banks 6.2 percent.
When it comes to lending, corporate loans stand out
While the total loan volume of the banking sector increased by 40.9 percent in August compared to the same month last year and reached 20.6 trillion lira, when looking at the distribution of loans by type, the total loan volume consisted of 46 percent of corporate loans, 26.2 percent of SME loans, 12.2 percent of consumer loans and 15.7 percent of credit cards.
While monthly growth limits were applied to commercial and consumer loans as part of macroprudential measures to support financial stability and restrictive monetary policy, the increase in commercial loans and consumer loans in August 2025 was 39.2 percent and 39.6 percent, respectively, compared to the same period last year.
Although there was a slight increase in the NPL ratio of loans compared to August 2024, this development was influenced by the increase in the balance of receivables on consumer loans and credit cards due to the balancing of economic activity.
While the sector TDR, which was 1.7 percent in August 2024, increased to 2.2 percent in August 2025, the said rate stood at 1.7 percent for commercial loans, 3.7 percent for consumer loans and 3.5 percent for credit cards.
While the possibility of restructuring was introduced for credit cards and consumer loans in July 2025, the sector's TDO was expected to decline in the following period.
While the share of deposits, which are banks' main source of funding, in total resources fell slightly to 57.3 percent in August 2025 compared to the same period last year, the decline in the share of both Turkish lira and foreign exchange deposits was effective in this decline.
38 deposit and 9 investment banks are affiliated to the deposit insurance system
While the share of issued securities, short-term funds and other loans is increasing, 38 deposit-taking and 9 participating banks are members of the deposit insurance system.
It was stated that up to 950,000 lira in deposits and equity funds of individuals and legal entities for the year 2025 are under the SDIF guarantee. As of August 2025, total insured deposits amount to the level of 6.7 trillion lira, accounting for 28.1 percent of total deposits.
While the deposit insurance reserve rose to 466 billion lira, the ratio of the reserve to insured deposits reached 6.9 percent, a level considered high by international standards.
The loan-to-deposit ratio, one of the key indicators of the banking sector's long-term liquidity position, rose to 86 percent for the entire sector in August 2025 as loans outpaced deposits.
While the loan-to-deposit ratio was 85 percent in Turkish lira and 87 percent in foreign currency, this ratio was 79.6 percent if development and investment banks, which do not have the authority to collect deposits, are not taken into account.
While the capital adequacy ratio (CAR) stood at 18.3 percent in August 2025, above the target rate of 12 percent, the sector CAR declined slightly after the Banking Regulation and Supervision Agency (BDDK) updated the foreign exchange purchase rate used in the CAR calculation to the June 2024 exchange rate from January 2025.
On the other hand, the 200 percent risk weighting that has long been applied to commercial cash advances when calculating capital adequacy has been eliminated from December 2024.
While exchange rate regulation had a decreasing effect on the sector's CAR, risk weight regulation had a supportive effect.
As of August 2025, the CAR was 17.7 percent for deposit-taking banks, 19.7 percent for equity banks and 24.3 percent for development and investment banks. According to bank ownership, the CAR was 18.3 percent for domestic private banks, 20.4 percent for foreign banks and 17 percent for public banks.
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