The first website in which the “World Wide Web” project developed by the British computer scientist Tim Berners -Lee was published on December 20, 1990 in the European Nuclear Research Center in Switzerland (CERN).
First of all, this website, which was only open to access to Cern, laid the basics of the digital age as the first example of websites when it was opened to the use of people from outside on August 6, 1991.
This development was pioneer one of the greatest technological breaks in human history.
The Internet, which was only developed for military and academic research in the early days, led to radical transformations in almost all aspects of life from trade to education, from health to transport, from communication to entertainment.
Today, individuals with social media platforms can set up and communicate online communities and also reach their personal content to millions.
Thanks to mobile devices, cloud systems and artificial intelligence -supported infrastructure, the Internet has become a dynamic digital ecosystem that was not a means of communication.
Turkey's meeting with the Internet
Two years after this digital transformation in the world, Torkiye entered the Internet. In 1986, an academic network was set up under the name of the Turkish University and the Research Institutional Network (TÜVAKA).
Tüvaka was an academic sharing network and made it possible to electronically communicate the leading universities and research institutions from Torkiye.
In 1987 with the first Large Area Network (WAN) connection via the Middle East Technical University (MetU), access to Bitnet-Earn, the computer networks of universities in Europe and the United States.
The Internet network project, which is not based on academically and is to access many institutions and organizations, was started in cooperation with Metu and Tubitak in 1991.
In this context, the first international test connection was founded in September 1992 with the Netherlands via the “X.25” circle.
The first internet connection between the routers of the METU information processing department and the 64 KBPS rent from PTT and the National Science Foundation Network in the USA (NSFNET) was then established.
With this connection, Torkiye joined the international Internet network.
The commercial wing of TR-Net was transferred to Metu in 1995, while the Internet connection speed was doubled after this development and increased to 128 kbit / s.
İtü was one of the pioneering institutions
Between 1993 and 1996, many universities in Türkiye and some public institutions were connected to the Internet via METU, while internet connections took place at the technical universities of Aegean, Bilkent, Boğazi and Istanbul.
Istanbul Technical University (ITU), the Internet when setting up the technical infrastructure of the Internet as one of the leading institutions.
The web server was founded in 1994 in the ITU Information Processing Center and was the turning point in the move of academic content to the digital environment in Türkiye.
Thanks to this server, both students and academics have the opportunity to access digital resources.
ITU also carried out the basis for digital communication in Türkiye by activating the first email infrastructures and network services that work on Unix-based systems.
Ulakbi balance took over Tüvaka's functions
The task of providing services in connection with national and international computer connections from universities was transferred to Tübgnen in May 1996 by the Council for University Education (Yök).
After this decision, the National Academic Network and the Information Center of Trübucc (Ulakbschrift) were set up in June of the same year.
Ulakbim took over the functions of Tüvaka together with the tasks of TR-Net, the commercial wing of which was transferred to METU in the field of education and research.
Ulakbim was a spine network that offers quick and safe data exchange between universities, while the first users of this infrastructure were one of the first users of ITU, Metu, Boğazi University and EGE University.
Therefore, the Internet has become a vehicle that has made it possible for joint projects, distance learning and scientific database access in the academic world.
With the tournament project, the Internet switched to third parties
The Tournet Project, which enables commercial organizations and Internet service providers on the Internet, was launched in August 1996.
After this development, companies were created for Internet service providers (ISS) that benefited from Turnets lines.
While these companies sell their internet service to third parties at the prices they set, the number of ISS was over 80 in early 1997.
Many newspapers and magazines in Türkiye have been published on the Internet since the end of 1996, since mid -1997 banks have offered banks over the Internet at the end of the same year and some popular shopping centers have started to shop on the Internet.
The Internet, which was only accessed in 1990 in a laboratory, has become a platform that shapes the social, economic and cultural life of billions of people.
This digital ecosystem, which is characterized by technologies such as mobile devices, artificial intelligence, cloud computing and the Internet of objects, has redefined all interaction and efficiency levels of individuals in states.
Türkiye has made considerable progress in adapting to this transformation with academic accumulation and technical capacity.
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